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 💢فسيو العصبي 5 الرؤيه

#physiology_of_CNS 5

#CNS




#⃣Vision :


🔷راح نشرح اليوم عن الرؤية بالتفصيل باذن الله👌😍💪



1⃣Optics :👇👇👇


A:Refractive power of a len :👇



■ is measured in diopters 

■ equals the reciprocal of the focal distance in meters. 

■ Example: 10 diopters = 1/10 m = 10 cm .👌


B:Refractive errors :👇


##كل اللراح اذكره تحت👇 عبارة عن 


Errors 👌👇


##👆 لازم نحفظها ي حلوين تمام😄👌💪👇👇👇



(1) Emmetropia—normal. Light focuses on the retina 👌



(2) Hypertropia—farsighted. Light focuses behind the retina and is corrected with a  

convex lens👌



3) Myopia—nearsighted. Light focuses in front of the retina and is corrected with a  

biconcave lens 👌




(4) Astigmatism. Curvature of the lens is not uniform and is corrected with a cylindric  

lens👌




(5) Presbyopia is a result of loss of the accommodation power of the lens that occurs  

with aging 👌


##👆👆 وهيك خلصنااا كل ال 👇


Errors👌👌👌


🔷👆👆واكيد مو راح يصعب عليكم شيء!💪👏😍 احفظوهم اوك😄💪



2⃣Layers of the retina :👇👇



A:Pigment epithelial cells 👇


##وهذه الخلايا وظيفتها 👇👇


■ absorb stray light and prevent scatter of light. 

■ convert 11-cis retinal to all-trans retinal👌



B: Receptor cells are rods and cones :👇👇👇


■ Rods and cones are not present on the optic disk; the result is a blind spot👌



C:Bipolar cells:👇👇👇


*⃣The receptor cells (i.e., rods and cones) synapse on bipolar cells, which synapse on the ganglion cells👌👇👇




(1) Few cones synapse on a single bipolar cell, which synapses on a single ganglion cell👌😎💪



(2) Many rods synapse on a single bipolar cell👌😎💪



D:Horizontal and amacrine cells form local circuits with the bipolar cells 👌👌👌and



E: Ganglion cells :👇👇👇


##اللهي عبارة عن 👇👇👇


🔷are the output cells of the retina👌👌😎


🔷 Axons of ganglion cells form the optic nerve 👌👌😎




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