أسباب وأعراض الحمل خارج الرحم

 أدوية الجهاز العصبي 3

#Pharmacology_of_CNS 3

#CNS 

#Drugs_for_Neurodegenerative_Diseases 

الليلة موضوعاتنا حا تكون👇

✔️DRUGS USED IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

✔️DRUGS USED IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

✔️DRUGS USED IN AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS

✔️DRUGS USED IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

🔘Current therapies aim to either  

improve cholinergic transmission within the CNS or prevent excitotoxic actions resulting from overstimulation of NMDA-glutamate receptors in selected areas of the brain

بكدا عندنا نوعين من الأدوية بنستخدمها هم

✅Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

✅NMDA receptor antagonist

✅Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 

🌀في دراسات اثبتت وجود علاقة بين loss of cholinergic neurons و الmemory loss that is a hallmark symptom of Alzheimer’s disease

🌀The reversible AChE inhibitors approved for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease include

〰donepezil

〰galantamine

〰rivastigmine

🌀Galantamine may also  

augment the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors in the CNS. 

🌀Rivastigmine is the only agent approved for the management of dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease and also the only AChE inhibitor available as a transdermal formulation.

🌀Common adverse effects include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, tremors, bradycardia, and muscle cramps 

✅NMDA receptor antagonist

🌀Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist indicated for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. 

🌀It acts by blocking the NMDA receptor and limiting Ca2+ influx into the neuron, such that toxic intracellular levels are not achieved.

🌀memantine is often given in combination with an AChE inhibitor.

✔️DRUGS USED IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

🔘Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS

قد يعجبك ايضا

🔘corticosteroids (for example, dexamethasone and prednisone) have been used to treat acute exacerbations of the disease. Chemotherapeutic agents, such as cyclophosphamide and azathioprine, have also been used.

بس الادوية الاساسية البنستخدمها للمرض دا مقسمنها على اتنين

➰Disease-modifying therapies

➰Symptomatic treatment

طيب نشوف كل واحد بضم شنو 

➰Disease-modifying therapies

دا بضم 

➿Interferon β1a and interferon β1b

help to diminish the inflammatory responses that lead to demyelination of the axon sheaths. 

➿Glatiramer

is a synthetic polypeptide that resembles myelin protein and may act as a decoy to T-cell attack

➿Fingolimod

is an oral drug that alters lymphocyte migration, resulting in fewer lymphocytes in the CNS.

➿Teriflunomide

 is an oral pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that leads to a lower concentration of active lymphocytes in the CNS.

➿Dimethyl fumarate

is an oral agent that may alter the cellular response to oxidative stress to reduce disease progression.

➿Natalizumab

 is a monoclonal antibody indicated for MS in patients who have failed first-line therapies.

➿Mitoxantrone

is a cytotoxic anthracycline analog that kills T cells and may also be used for MS.

➰Symptomatic treatment

➿Dalfampridine, an oral potassium channel blocker, improves walking speeds in patients with MS. It is the first drug approved for this use

✔️DRUGS USED IN AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS

🔘ALS is characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons,resulting in the inability to initiate or control muscle movement

🔘Riluzole, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is currently the only drug indicated for the management of ALS.

🅿️بكدا نكون خلصنا الفصل والمرة الجاية حا نتدخل في فصل جديد هو

 Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs