💢 فسيو العصبي motor 8
#Physiology_of_CNS 18
#CNS
#⃣Higher Functions of the Cerebral Cortex :
##وهاد معناه: الوظائف العليا للقشرة الدماغية👌طيب ايش هذه الوظائف ي دكتور🤔؟ طيب ي حلوين راح اذكرلكم بعض منها مثل : النوم واللغة والتعلم والذاكرة وخلونااا نفصل فيكم ويلا بنا💪🏃🏃🏃🏃
0⃣Electroencephalographic (EEG) findings :👇👇
🔷EEG waves consist of alternating excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials in the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex.
🔷A cortical evoked potential is an EEG change. It reflects synaptic potentials evoked in large numbers of neurons.
🔷In awake adults with eyes open, beta waves predominate.
🔷In awake adults with eyes closed, alpha waves predominate.
🔷During sleep, slow waves predominate, muscles relax, and heart rate and blood pressure decrease.
1⃣Sleep :👇👇👇
🔴Sleep–wake cycles occur in a circadian rhythm, with a period of about 24 hours. The circadian periodicity is thought to be driven by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, which receives input from the retina.
🔴 Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep occurs every 90 minutes.
■ Most dreams occur during REM sleep.
■ REM sleep is characterized by eye movements, loss of muscle tone, pupillary constriction, and penile erection.
■ Use of benzodiazepines and increasing age decrease the duration of REM sleep .
2⃣Language :👇👇👇
## هذه المعلومات تنقل عن طريق فصي المخ من خلال ال 👇
🔷corpus callosum .
■The right hemisphere is dominant in facial expression, intonation, body language, and
spatial tasks.
■The left hemisphere is usually dominant with respect to language, even in left-handed people.
⚫️🔴Remember that:👇👇
🔷 Lesions of the left hemisphere cause aphasia .
🔷Damage to Wernicke area causes sensory aphasia .
🔷Damage to Broca area causes motor aphasia .
3⃣Learning and memory :👇
■ Short-term memory involves synaptic changes.
■ Long-term memory involves structural changes in the nervous system and is more stable.
🔷 Bilateral lesions of the hippocampus block the ability to form new long-term memories👌
## وبهاد المنشوووور نكون قد خلصناااا الحمد لله ال
🔷Motor System
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