💢 فسيو عصبي
#physiology_of_CNS 2
#CNS
🛑Adaptation of sensory receptors :
## وله نوعاااان👇👇👇
🔷A: Slowly adapting, or tonic, receptors (muscle spindle; pressure; slow pain) 👇
■ respond repetitively to a prolonged stimulus👌
■ detect a steady stimulus👌
🔷B: Rapidly adapting, or phasic, receptors (pacinian corpuscle; light touch) 👇
■ show a decline in action potential frequency with time in response to a constant stimulus👌
■ primarily detect onset and offset of a stimulus 👌
*⃣✏️Sensory pathways from the sensory receptor to the cerebral cortex:👌👇
## وهذه المساااارات حفظ ي حلوين🙈😄💪 وم ف شيء يصعب عليكم اكيد💪😍😍❤👇👇
1⃣ Sensory receptors 👇
🔷are activated by environmental stimuli 👌
🔷may be specialized epithelial cells (e.g., photoreceptors, taste receptors, auditory
hair cells)👌
🔷 may be primary afferent neurons (e.g., olfactory chemoreceptors)👌
🔷 transduce the stimulus into electrical energy (i.e., receptor potential)👌
2⃣First-order neurons 👇👇
## وهو عبارة عن Afferent Neuron وهاد الذي يقوم باستقبال الاشارات وارسال المعلومات الى الجهاز العصبي المركزي👌 ، وهاد ال Afferent Neurons يوجد ف ال Dorsal root او ف ال Spinal Cord Ganglia 👌
3⃣Second-order neurons :👇
##وهاد👆 موقعه ف ال Spinal cord او ف ال Brain Stem 👌 , الذي يقوم باستقبال المعلومات من واحد او اكثر من ال Afferent Neurons in Relay Neuclei ويقوم بارسالها الى ال 👇
Thalamus👌
🔷Axons of second-order neurons may cross the midline in a relay nucleus in the spinal
cord before they ascend to the thalamus. Therefore, sensory information originating
on one side of the body ascends to the contralateral thalamus👌
4⃣Third-order neurons :👇
## وهاد 👆 موقعه ف ال Relay Neuclei تبع ال Thalamus 👌
🔷From there, encoded sensory information ascends to the cerebral cortex👌😎
5⃣Fourth-order neurons :👇
## وهاد👆 يقع ف ال Sensory Area اللموجودة ف ال Cerebral cortex👌😎 لكن م تكونو ناسينهااا ي حلوين😄🙈🤔؟ 💪 لكن انا ادري انكم مجتهدين👏😍💪 خليكم هيك تمام👌💪😍
🔷The information received results in a conscious perception of the stimulus👌
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