💊أدويه الجهاز العصبي المركزي 6
#Pharmcology_of_CNS
#CNS
#Antidepressants
♻️The symptoms of depression are feelings of sadness and hopelessness, as well as the inability to experience pleasure in usual activities,changes in sleep patterns and appetite, loss of energy, and suicidal thoughts
♻️اما ال Mania اعراضها عكس تماماً
enthusiasm,anger, rapid thought and speech patterns, extreme self-confidence, and impaired judgment.
♻️Most clinically useful antidepressant drugs potentiate, either directly or indirectly, the actions of norepinephrine and/or serotonin (5-HT) in the brain.
فبكدا بنلقى انو ال antidepressants drugs تم تقسيمها الى خمس اقسام وهي حا تكون مواضيعنا بالنسبة للفصل دا
✔️SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
✔️SEROTONIN/NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
✔️ATYPICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS
✔️TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS
✔️MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS
✔️SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
🔘The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a group of antidepressant drugs that specifically inhibit serotonin reuptake
🔘SSRIs have little blocking activity at muscarinic, α-adrenergic, and histaminic H1receptors. Therefore, common side effects associated with TCAs, such as orthostatic hypotension,sedation, dry mouth, and blurred vision, are not commonly seen
🔘المجموعة دي بتضم
✅fluoxetine
✅citalopram
✅escitalopram
✅fluvoxamine
✅paroxetine
✅sertraline
🔵Actions
🔹The SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin, leading to increased
concentrations of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft
🔹Antidepressants, including SSRIs, typically take at least 2 weeks to
produce significant improvement in mood, and maximum benefit may
require up to 12 weeks or more
🔵Therapeutic uses
🔹The primary indication for SSRIs is depression
🔵Pharmacokinetics
🔹All of the SSRIs are well absorbed after oral administration.Peak levels are seen in approximately 2 to 8 hours on average.
🔹The majority of SSRIs have plasma half-lives that range between 16 and 36 hours
🔹Fluoxetine differs from the other members of the class by having a much longer half-life (50 hours)
🔵Adverse effects
🔹headache, sweating, anxiety and agitation,gastrointestinal (GI) effects (nausea,vomiting, diarrhea),weakness and fatigue, sexual dysfunction, changes in weight,sleep disturbances(insomnia and somnolence)
✔️SEROTONIN/NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS
🔘These agents,termed SNRIs,may be effective in treating depression
in patients in whom SSRIs are ineffective. Furthermore, depression is often accompanied by chronic painful symptoms, such as backache and muscle aches, against which SSRIs are also relatively ineffective
🔘have little activity at α-adrenergic,muscarinic,or histamine receptors
المجموعة دي بتضم
✅Venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine
🌀Venlafaxine is a potent inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and,at medium to higher doses,is an inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake
🌀Desvenlafaxine is the active,demethylated metabolite of venlafaxine.
🌀The most common side effects are nausea,headache, sexual dysfunction,dizziness, insomnia,sedation,and constipation.
✅Duloxetine
🌀Duloxetine inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake at all
doses.
🌀GI side effects are common with duloxetine, including nausea, dry mouth, and constipation. Insomnia, dizziness, somnolence, sweating, and sexual dysfunction are also seen.
✅Levomilnacipran
🌀Levomilnacipran is an enantiomer of milnacipran (an older SNRI used for the treatment of depression in Europe and fibromyalgia in the United States).
🌀The adverse effect profile of levomilnacipran is similar to other SNRIs.
✔️ATYPICAL ANTIDEPRESSANTS
🔘The atypical antidepressants are a mixed group of agents that have actions at several different sites
وهي بتضم الاتي👇
✅Bupropion
🌀Bupropion is a weak dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is used to alleviate the symptoms of depression
🌀Side effects may include dry mouth, sweating, nervousness, tremor, and a dosedependent increased risk for seizures
🌀It has a very low incidence of
sexual dysfunction.
🌟
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