💢تشريح،المخيخ
#Anatomy_of_CNS
المخيخ
⚜ Cerebellum 1⃣ ⚜
_ 💢 يعتبر الجزء الثاني من الدماغ بعد المخ.
_💢 Embryogenically from hindbrain.
_ 💢 يزن 150 gm
_ 💢 Situated in the post. cranial fossa
_ 💢 Relations الحدود والعلاقات:
✴️ من الأمام :
brainstem ( pons and medulla ) separated from it by the cavity of the 4th ventricle.
✴️ من الخلف:
the cerebral hemispheres ( occipital lobe ) separated from it by the tentorium cerebri.
✴️ على الجوانب :
Sigmoid venous sinus, mastoid antrum, mastoid air cells.
_ 💢 External Features التراكيب والخصائص الخارجيه :
⏹1_ Surfacesالسطوح :
❇️ a- سطح علوي:
2 hemispheres, vermis, fissure prima, lingula.
❇️ b- سطح سفلي :
vallecula, inf.vermis, tonsils, flocculus, posterolat. fissure.
⏹ 2_ Notches :
⚛ a- Ant. Notch : shallow, occupied by the pons and midbrain.
⚛ b- Post. Notch : Deep, lodges the falx cerebelli.
⏹ 3_ Fissures
Fissures subdivide the surface of cerebellum into narrow leaf-like bands “ folia “ running along Tr. axis. There are many of them, however the most important 3⃣ are :
🟠 1- Fissure prima: running tr. across sup. Surfaces, divides the sup. Surface into ant. Lobe ( ant. to the fissure ) and post. lobe ( post. to the fissure )
🟠 2- Horizontal fissure: divides the cerebellum into sup. and inf. Halves.
🟠 3- Posterolat. Fissure: running tr. across inf. Surfaces, divides the inf. Surface into post. Lobe ( ant. to the fissure ) and flocculonodular. lobe ( post. to the fissure )
⏹ 4_ Folia : Single is “ Floium “ = means little cerebellar folds or gyri separated by Fissures.
⏹ 5_ Lobes الفصوص:
🟢 1⃣_ ( Anatomical تشريحياً)
🔺1- 1- Ant. Lobe
🔹🔸🔹fissure prima
🔺1- 2- Post. Lobe
🔹🔸🔹 posterolat. fissure
🔺1- 3- Flocculonodular lobe
🟢 2⃣_ ( Functionalوظيفياً ) :
📌 2- 1- Archicerebellum : consists of the flocculonodular lobe and the lingula.
📌 2- 2- Paleocerebellum : consists of the ant. Lobe ( except lingula ), pyramid, uvula.
📌 2- 3- Neocerebellum : consists of the post. Lobe ( except the pyramid and uvula )
⏹ 6- connections
The cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by 3⃣ peduncles which carry the tract out and into the cerebellum. These peduncles are :
🟣 1- SCP from midbrain
🟣 2- MCP from pons
🟣 3- ICP from medulla
⏹ 7_ Parts الأجزاء :
The cerebellum is baiscally divided into :
🔵 1- Hemishpheres ( Rt. & Lt. )
🔵 2- vermis : a worm like midpiece structure connecting the two hemispheres. On mid sagital section, this vermis is c_ shaped showing different part inrelation to the lat. Part of hemispheres, those parts of vermis are :
🔸 1- Lingula no relation to lat. Part
🔹 2- central lobule ala
🔹 3- culmen ant.quadreangular lobule .
🔹 4- Declive post.quadreangular lobule.
( the 🔹 indicates parts related to the ant. Lobe )
🔹🔸 5- Folium sup.semilunar lobule.
🔹🔸 6- Tuber inf.semilunar lobule
🔹🔸 7- pyramid Biventral lobule
🔹🔸 8- Uvula Tonsil
( the 🔹🔸 indicate parts of vermis related to the post. Lobe )
🔮 9- Nodule __ flocculus ( together forming the flocculonoddular lobule )
⚜ Cerebellum 2⃣ ⚜
🔵 ثانيا التركيب الداخلي
_ 💢 Internal structure :
✏️ 1- outer cortex(القشره الخارجيه) :
يتكون من الماده الرماديه، يكون هيكل موحد ثلاث طبقات. من الخارج للداخل هي:
💠 Molecular layer
💠 Purkinje layer
💠 Granular layer
( My Personal Garden )
✏️ 2- Inner medulla(الطبقه الداخليه،النخاع) :
يتكون من مادة بيضاء، تتميز بمظهر فريد يسمى the " Arbor Vitae ".
✏️ 3- Subcortical(ماتحت القشره) mass of grey matter: these are the " Deep cerebellar nuclei ", which are embeded within the white matter of medulla. These nuclei fro. Lat. to med. are :
⚜ Dentate nucleus
⚜ Emboliform nucleus
⚜ Globose nucleus
⚜ Fastigial nucleus
( Don't Eat Greezy Food ).
🔶التغذيه الدمويه:
_ 💢 Arterial supply of the cerebellum :
⛳️1- SCA : br. of the basilar a. Supllies the sup. Surface.
⛳️ 2- AICA : br. of the basilar a. Supplies the ant. Part of inf. Surface.
⛳️ 3- PICA : br. of the vertebral a. Supplies the post. Part of inf. Surface.
◾️الأورده الى أين تصب
_ 💢 Venous drainage of cerebellum :
🪝SCV : drains into stright sinus and inf. Petrosal sinus.
🪝2- ICV : drains into stright sinus and occipital sinus
🔚وبذلك ننتهي من شرح المخيخ،ونلتقي بكم في الشرح القادم (المخ)
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