💊أدويه الجهاز العصبي 10
#Pharmcology_of_CNS 10
#CNS
#Drugs_for_Epilepsy
مواضيعنا حا تكون 👇
✔️ETIOLOGY OF SEIZURES
✔️CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURES
✔️STATUS EPILEPTICUS
✔️DRUG SELECTION
💠Epilepsy is not a single entity but an assortment of different seizure types and syndromes originating from several mechanisms that have in common the sudden,excessive, and synchronous discharge of cerebral neurons
✔️ETIOLOGY OF SEIZURES
🔘In most cases, epilepsy has no identifiable cause
🔘لكن في الغالب السبب بكون انو في منطقة محددة في الدماغ بتكون اكتر نشاط من الطبيعي وبنسميها الprimary focus غالبا النشاط دا بكون نتيجة ل
changes in physiologic factors, such as an alteration in blood gases, pH, electrolytes,and blood glucose and changes in environmental factors, such as sleep deprivation, alcohol intake, and stress.
🔘Epilepsy can be due to an underlying genetic, structural, or metabolic cause or an unknown cause.
🔘Genetic epilepsy
〰These seizures result from an inherited abnormality in the central
nervous system (CNS).
🔘Structural/metabolic epilepsy
〰A number of causes, such as illicit drug use, tumor, head injury, hypoglycemia, meningeal infection, and the rapid withdrawal of alcohol from an alcoholic, can precipitate seizures.
🔘Unknown cause
〰When no specific anatomic cause for the seizure, such as trauma or neoplasm, is evident, a patient may be diagnosed with seizures where the underlying cause is unknown cause
وزي ما قلنا الغالبية العظمى من الحالات بتكون مجهولة السبب
✔️CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURES
🔘تم تقسيمها لمجموعتين
1.Focal
🌀ودي بتضم جزء من الدماغ
typically part of one lobe of one hemisphere.
وممكن تتطور وتبقى generalized tonic–clonic seizures
يلا ال Focal دي في حد زاتها قسمين
🔵Simple partial:
🔹These seizures are caused by a group of hyperactive neurons exhibiting abnormal electrical activity and are confined to a single locus in the brain.
هنا الاشارات العصبية ما بتنتشر لبقية اجزاء الدماغ وما بحصل فيها فقدان للوعي وغالبا بحصل فيها
abnormal activity of a single limb or muscle group that is controlled by the region of the brain experiencing the disturbance.
🔵Complex partial:
🔹These seizures exhibit complex sensory hallucinations and mental distortion. Motor dysfunction may involve chewing movements, diarrhea, and/or urination. Consciousnessis altered
🔹ال Simple partial ممكن تتحول لComplex partial وبعدها لgeneralized convulsion
طيب يلا المجموعة التانية هي
2.Generalized
🌀Generalized seizures may begin locally and then progress to include abnormal electrical discharges throughout both hemispheres of the brain.
ودي ممكن تكون convulsive or nonconvulsive
والمريض بحصل ليو فقدان للوعي فوري
وبتضم 6 اقسام هي
🔵Tonic–clonic
🔹These seizures result in loss of consciousness,followed by tonic (continuous contraction) and clonic (rapid contraction and relaxation) phases
🔵Absence
🔹These seizures involve a brief, abrupt, and selflimiting loss of consciousness. The onset generally occurs in patients at 3 to 5 years of age and lasts until puberty or beyond.
🔵Myoclonic
🔹These seizures consist of short episodes of muscle contractions that may recur for several minutes. They generally occur after wakening and exhibit as brief jerks of the limbs.
🔵Clonic
🔹These seizures consist of short episodes of muscle contractions that may closely resemble myoclonic seizures
🔵Tonic
🔹These seizures involve increased tone in the extension muscles and are generally less than 60 seconds long.
🔵Atonic
🔹 These seizures are also known as drop attacks and are characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone.
✔️STATUS EPILEPTICUS
🔘In status epilepticus, two or more seizures occur without recovery of
full consciousness in between episodes.
يعني قبل ما وعيو يرجع ليو كويس من النوبة الاولى بيدخل في واحدة تانية
🔘Status epilepticus is life threatening and requires emergency treatment usually consisting of administration of a fast-acting medication such as a benzodiazepine, followed by a slower-acting medication such as phenytoin.
✔️DRUG SELECTION
🔘Choice of drug treatment is based on
〰classification of the seizures
💊أدويه الجهاز العصبي 10
#Pharmcology_of_CNS 10
#CNS
#Drugs_for_Epilepsy
مواضيعنا حا تكون 👇
✔️ETIOLOGY OF SEIZURES
✔️CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURES
✔️STATUS EPILEPTICUS
✔️DRUG SELECTION
💠Epilepsy is not a single entity but an assortment of different seizure types and syndromes originating from several mechanisms that have in common the sudden,excessive, and synchronous discharge of cerebral neurons
✔️ETIOLOGY OF SEIZURES
🔘In most cases, epilepsy has no identifiable cause
🔘لكن في الغالب السبب بكون انو في منطقة محددة في الدماغ بتكون اكتر نشاط من الطبيعي وبنسميها الprimary focus غالبا النشاط دا بكون نتيجة ل
changes in physiologic factors, such as an alteration in blood gases, pH, electrolytes,and blood glucose and changes in environmental factors, such as sleep deprivation, alcohol intake, and stress.
🔘Epilepsy can be due to an underlying genetic, structural, or metabolic cause or an unknown cause.
🔘Genetic epilepsy
〰These seizures result from an inherited abnormality in the central
nervous system (CNS).
🔘Structural/metabolic epilepsy
〰A number of causes, such as illicit drug use, tumor, head injury, hypoglycemia, meningeal infection, and the rapid withdrawal of alcohol from an alcoholic, can precipitate seizures.
🔘Unknown cause
〰When no specific anatomic cause for the seizure, such as trauma or neoplasm, is evident, a patient may be diagnosed with seizures where the underlying cause is unknown cause
وزي ما قلنا الغالبية العظمى من الحالات بتكون مجهولة السبب
✔️CLASSIFICATION OF SEIZURES
🔘تم تقسيمها لمجموعتين
1.Focal
🌀ودي بتضم جزء من الدماغ
typically part of one lobe of one hemisphere.
وممكن تتطور وتبقى generalized tonic–clonic seizures
يلا ال Focal دي في حد زاتها قسمين
🔵Simple partial:
🔹These seizures are caused by a group of hyperactive neurons exhibiting abnormal electrical activity and are confined to a single locus in the brain.
هنا الاشارات العصبية ما بتنتشر لبقية اجزاء الدماغ وما بحصل فيها فقدان للوعي وغالبا بحصل فيها
abnormal activity of a single limb or muscle group that is controlled by the region of the brain experiencing the disturbance.
🔵Complex partial:
🔹These seizures exhibit complex sensory hallucinations and mental distortion. Motor dysfunction may involve chewing movements, diarrhea, and/or urination. Consciousnessis altered
🔹ال Simple partial ممكن تتحول لComplex partial وبعدها لgeneralized convulsion
طيب يلا المجموعة التانية هي
2.Generalized
🌀Generalized seizures may begin locally and then progress to include abnormal electrical discharges throughout both hemispheres of the brain.
ودي ممكن تكون convulsive or nonconvulsive
والمريض بحصل ليو فقدان للوعي فوري
وبتضم 6 اقسام هي
🔵Tonic–clonic
🔹These seizures result in loss of consciousness,followed by tonic (continuous contraction) and clonic (rapid contraction and relaxation) phases
🔵Absence
🔹These seizures involve a brief, abrupt, and selflimiting loss of consciousness. The onset generally occurs in patients at 3 to 5 years of age and lasts until puberty or beyond.
🔵Myoclonic
🔹These seizures consist of short episodes of muscle contractions that may recur for several minutes. They generally occur after wakening and exhibit as brief jerks of the limbs.
🔵Clonic
🔹These seizures consist of short episodes of muscle contractions that may closely resemble myoclonic seizures
🔵Tonic
🔹These seizures involve increased tone in the extension muscles and are generally less than 60 seconds long.
🔵Atonic
🔹 These seizures are also known as drop attacks and are characterized by a sudden loss of muscle tone.
✔️STATUS EPILEPTICUS
🔘In status epilepticus, two or more seizures occur without recovery of
full consciousness in between episodes.
يعني قبل ما وعيو يرجع ليو كويس من النوبة الاولى بيدخل في واحدة تانية
🔘Status epilepticus is life threatening and requires emergency treatment usually consisting of administration of a fast-acting medication such as a benzodiazepine, followed by a slower-acting medication such as phenytoin.
✔️DRUG SELECTION
🔘Choice of drug treatment is based on
〰classification of the seizures
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